Similarities
be similar to ~ be like ~ look like ~ resemble ~ approximate ~ approach ~ be identical with/to ~ be counterpart of ~ corresponding ~ match ~ be proportional to ~ a kind of ~ correspond to ~ be analogous to ~ be equivalent to ~ be equal to ~ be an equivalent of ~ be indistinguishable from ~ be synonymous with ~ be the same as ~ be considered ~ be interpreted as ~ be regarded as ~ be thought of as ~ share ~ be akin to ~ be comparable to
Difference
be different from ~ as opposed to ~ be dissimilar ~ be distinct from ~ be distinguished from ~ be opposite ~ be unlike ~ differ from
Inclusion
be a member of ~ be a kind of ~ be a type of ~ belong to ~ fall into ~ be divided/subdivided into ~ be equipped with ~ contain ~ encompass ~ be a case of ~ be a class of ~ be a form of ~ be a variant of ~ be composed of ~ be comprised of ~ be filled with ~ be formed by ~ be a piece of ~ be a fragment of ~ be exemplified by ~ as illustrated by ~ be represented by ~ be a component of ~ be an element of ~ be part of ~ be made from ~ be made up of ~ be a portion of ~ be characteristic of ~ be an example of ~ be a prototype of ~ be representative of ~ range from…to… ~ vary from…to… ~ be provided with ~ comprise ~ consist of ~ appear in
Exclusion
be absent from ~ be excluded from ~ to the exclusion of ~ be devoid of ~ be free of ~ lack ~ missing
Process relationship
arise from ~ be a derivative of ~ be a product of ~ be due to ~ become ~ transform into ~ come from ~ derive from ~ develop from ~ be produced by/from ~ originate from ~ give rise to ~ be the result of ~ result from ~ branch into ~ give way to ~ yield ~ are the result of ~ be converted to ~ evolve into
Function
act as ~ act to ~ behave like ~ function as ~ have a role in ~ play the role of ~ play a part in ~ provide ~ serve as ~ be useful for ~ be used for ~ be chosen as ~ employ as ~ is used to
Spatial relationships
be adjacent to ~ be arranged ~ be contained in ~ be coated with ~ be covered with ~ be distributed ~ be embedded in ~ be equidistant ~ be parallel to ~ be inserted into ~ be located ~ be placed ~ be positioned at ~ be separated ~ be surrounded by ~ extend ~ face ~ opposite ~ reside ~ surround
Physical characteristics
be…in length ~ in the form of ~ shape like ~ in shades of ~ measuring more than ~
Quantity
a variety of ~ amounts of ~ number of ~ (cardinal number) parts of ~ a class of ~ a family of ~ a series of ~ a set of
Source: Marco, M., &
